Partitioning with fdisk
This section shows you how to actually partition your hard drive with
the
fdisk utility. Linux allows only 4 primary
partitions. You can have a much larger number of logical partitions by
sub-dividing one of the primary partitions. Only one of the primary
partitions can be sub-divided.
Examples:
-
Four primary partitions
- Mixed primary and logical partitions
1. fdisk usage
fdisk is started by typing (as root)
fdisk
device at the command prompt.
device might be something like
/dev/hda or
/dev/sda.
The basic
fdisk commands you need are:
p
print the partition table
n
create a new partition
d
delete a partition
q
quit without saving changes
w
write the new partition table and exit
Changes you make to the partition table do not take effect until you issue the write (w) command.
Here is a sample partition table:
Disk /dev/hdb: 64 heads, 63 sectors, 621 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 4032 * 512 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/hdb1 * 1 184 370912+ 83 Linux
/dev/hdb2 185 368 370944 83 Linux
/dev/hdb3 369 552 370944 83 Linux
/dev/hdb4 553 621 139104 82 Linux swap
|
The first line shows the geometry of your hard drive. It may not be
physically accurate, but you can accept it as though it were. The hard
drive in this example is made of 32 double-sided platters with one
head on each side (probably not true). Each platter has 621 concentric
tracks. A 3-dimensional track (the same track on all disks) is called
a cylinder. Each track is divided into 63 sectors. Each sector
contains 512 bytes of data. Therefore the block size in the partition
table is 64 heads * 63 sectors * 512 bytes er...divided by 1024. The start and end values are cylinders.
2. Four primary partitions
The overview:
Decide on the size of your swap space and where it to go .
Divide up the remaining space for the three other partitions.
Example:
I start fdisk from the shell prompt:
which indicates that I am using the second drive on my IDE controller.
When I print the (empty) partition table,
I just get configuration information.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/hdb: 64 heads, 63 sectors, 621 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 4032 * 512 bytes
|
I knew that I had a 1.2Gb drive, but now I really know: 64 * 63 * 512
* 621 = 1281982464 bytes. I decide to reserve 128Mb of that space for
swap, leaving 1153982464. If I use one of my primary partitions for
swap, that means I have three left for ext2 partitions. Divided
equally, that makes for 384Mb per partition. Now I get to work.
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-621, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-621, default 621): +384M
|
Next, I set up the partition I want to use for swap:
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 2
First cylinder (197-621, default 197):
Using default value 197
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (197-621, default 621): +128M
|
Now the partition table looks like this:
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/hdb1 1 196 395104 83 Linux
/dev/hdb2 197 262 133056 83 Linux
|
I set up the remaining two partitions the same way I did the first.
Finally, I make the first partition bootable:
Command (m for help): a
Partition number (1-4): 1
|
And I make the second partition of type swap:
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4): 2
Hex code (type L to list codes): 82
Changed system type of partition 2 to 82 (Linux swap)
Command (m for help): p
|
The end result:
Disk /dev/hdb: 64 heads, 63 sectors, 621 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 4032 * 512 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/hdb1 * 1 196 395104+ 83 Linux
/dev/hdb2 197 262 133056 82 Linux swap
/dev/hdb3 263 458 395136 83 Linux
/dev/hdb4 459 621 328608 83 Linux
|
Finally, I issue the write command (
w) to
write the table on the disk.
Command (m for help): w
